Anuradhapura Sacred City
Nestled in the heart of Sri Lanka, the ancient city of Anuradhapura stands as a testament to the island’s rich historical and cultural heritage. With a history dating back over two millennia, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a treasure trove of ancient ruins, magnificent temples, and sacred relics.
In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the captivating history, breathtaking sights, and cultural significance of Anuradhapura, taking you on a virtual journey through this remarkable city.
A Brief Overview of Anuradhapura's History
Anuradhapura served as the capital of Sri Lanka for more than a thousand years, from the 4th century BCE to the 10th century CE. Founded by King Pandukabhaya, it became a thriving centre of Buddhist civilization and a hub of political, religious, and cultural activities. The city reached its zenith under the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa, who embraced Buddhism, establishing it as the dominant religion in Sri Lanka.
Anuradhapura Sacred Sites and Temples
Anuradhapura is home to an array of awe-inspiring temples and sacred sites that showcase the deep-rooted religious traditions of Sri Lanka. One of the most iconic landmarks is the Sri Maha Bodhi, the oldest documented tree in the world, believed to be a sapling from the original Bodhi tree in India, under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. Pilgrims from around the world flock to pay homage to this sacred tree.
Another notable site is the Ruwanwelisaya, a stupa built by King Dutugemunu to enshrine relics of the Buddha. Its magnificent dome and intricate architectural details make it a mesmerising sight. The Abhayagiri Dagoba, Jetavanaramaya, and Thuparamaya are other significant stupas that showcase the architectural prowess of ancient Sri Lankan civilization.
Ancient Monasteries and Palaces
Beyond the religious sites, Anuradhapura boasts several ancient monasteries and palaces that provide insights into the city’s political and social fabric. The Jetavanaramaya Monastery, once the tallest brick structure in the world, is a marvel of engineering and an important monastic complex. The remnants of the palace complex at Abhayagiri Vihara reveal the opulence and grandeur that once graced the ancient city.
Samadhi Statue and Isurumuniya Temple
The Samadhi Statue, a masterpiece of ancient Sri Lankan sculpture, is a serene and contemplative representation of the Buddha in meditation. Located in Mahamevuna Park, this statue exudes a sense of tranquility and serves as a symbol of spiritual enlightenment.
Nearby, the Isurumuniya Temple is renowned for its rock-cut sculptures and tranquil surroundings. The temple’s centerpiece is the famous “Isurumuniya Lovers” carving, depicting a couple locked in a tender embrace. This exquisite sculpture showcases the artistic mastery of ancient Sri Lankan craftsmen.
The Twin Ponds of Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura’s ancient irrigation system is a testament to the advanced engineering skills of its inhabitants. The city features a remarkable network of tanks and reservoirs, including the Twin Ponds, Kuttam Pokuna. These beautifully designed bathing tanks served both practical and aesthetic purposes, reflecting the importance placed on water management and aesthetics in ancient Sri Lankan society.
Mihintale: The Cradle of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
Just a short distance from Anuradhapura lies Mihintale, considered the birthplace of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. This sacred mountain is where Arahat Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka, is said to have introduced Buddhism to the island. Climbing the steps to the summit, visitors will encounter ancient rock inscriptions, meditation caves, and magnificent viewpoints offering panoramic vistas of the surrounding countryside.
Thuparamaya
The Thuparama Dagaba enshrines a collar-bone relic of the Buddha. The Isurumuniya Rock Temple is a treasure trove of sculptures, while the 2,200-year-old Sri Maha Bodhi (Sacred Bo Tree) is the world’s oldest historical tree. The 1st century BC Abhayagiri and 3rd century AD Jetawana Dagabas, at 380 feet and 400 feet in height respectively, are second only to ancient Egypt’s two mightiest pyramids at Giza. Anuradhapura’s three main ancient irrigation lakes—Tissawewa and Nuwarawewa in the south and Basawakulama in the north—nourished its agriculture and adorned the capital for nearly two millennia, just as they do today.
Book now | Anuradhapura Ancient City Day tour
You can plan your Anuradhapura Day tour from Kandy or Colombo